The Samba de Roda has resisted the processes of urbanization and modernization of the style. As for the instrumental part, it is played by pandeiro, atabaque, berimbau, guitar and chocolalho (a kind of rattle), which are mainly accompanied by songs and clapping.
The music has its dance, which is connected with Capoeira. The Samba de Roda is closely connected with the cult of the Orixás and Caboclos and with Capoeira. According to the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Institute for National Historical and Artistic Heritage), Samba de Roda is an intangible heritage of Brazilian culture. The Samba de Roda with its origins around 1860 in Bahia, is the most traditional form of Samba. Here we present some of the most famous styles. It is about innovation and adaptation to one or the other reality of creative minds. Like all other musical genres, Samba has many variations. As it couldn't be any other way, the story followed its course and Samba has been reinventing itself ever since. The song was sung by Donga, one of the main characters in the history of Samba. The first great milestone in the modern and urban history of Samba occurred in Rio de Janeiro in 1916 with the recording of the song "Pelo Telefone", considered the first Samba in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro, the most famous of these places was the house of Tia Ciata. So the blacks began to hold their parties in the homes of "aunts" or "grandparents", the elders of African descent who welcomed the Batuques. However, every African cultural manifestation, such as Capoeira and Candomblé, were viewed with suspicion and criminalized. With the migration of the black population to the city of Rio de Janeiro, this changed and supported the dialogue of Samba with popular music styles like Polka, Maxixe, Lundu, and Xote. In the beginning, the style marked a strong presence in the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Bahia. Experts refer to the Recôncavo Baiano as the cradle of Samba, especially to the custom of dancing in circles, singing and playing instruments. The dance parties of the black slaves in Bahia were originally called "Samba".
In its beginnings, Samba as a sound matrix represented traces of European and African musical structures. Samba has its origins in the 19th century in the traditions of African slaves who brought their Batuques (drums) to Brazil, where African and Brazilian cultures merged. A traditional Samba school has an average of 4,000 members. To put together a carnival procession, dancers, choreographers, musicians, tailors, carpenters and painters have to be hired for a whole year. Samba schools are cultural, but also economic and social institutions, where families and communities are joining. Carnival in Rio is a popular and exciting highlight during a Brazil vacation. During the carnival, the Samba schools perform with thousands of elaborately dressed dancers and show their interpretation of this year's theme. Today, when people think of Samba, the first thing they think of is the famous carnival in Rio de Janeiro. It can be said with certainty that Samba is one of the most popular Latin American dances. There are many different styles, just as there are many types of Samba music. Today Samba is considered the joyful, lively and rhythmic dance of carnival in Brazil. In 100 years, it went from being a persecuted culture to the symbol of a nation. The Brazilian composer and researcher Nei Lopes described Samba as "the most impressive phenomenon of the 20th century". Samba is often called the dance of the Brazilians and is recognized by UNESCO as an "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".
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